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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected the health of the global population, with sleep quality being one of the affected parameters. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sleep quality and its associated factors in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: A population-based cross-sectional serological survey of 1,762 adults in the Iron Quadrangle region of Brazil. METHODS: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. Sociodemographic variables, health conditions, health-related behaviors, anxiety, vitamin D levels, weight gain/loss, and pandemic characteristics were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses using Poisson regression with robust variance were performed to identify factors associated with sleep quality. RESULTS: More than half of the participants reported poor sleep quality (52.5%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors associated with poor sleep quality included living alone (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.73), anxiety disorder (PR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.08-1.62), 5.0% weight loss (PR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02-1.44), 5.0% weight gain (PR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.03-1.55), vitamin D deficiency (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.01-1.35), and COVID-19 symptoms (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.10-1.52). CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that more than half of the participants experienced poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with poor sleep quality included vitamin D deficiency and weight changes related to the pandemic.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. However, the exact mechanisms linking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression and anxiety have not been identified. OBJECTIVES: To compare self-reported depression and anxiety among patients diagnosed with COPD in relation to healthy controls. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case control study at a public hospital institution in Spain. METHODS: We designed a case-control study. Patients were recruited using a consecutive sampling method from a single institution. Two groups were created: COPD and healthy controls. Data on medical history and demographic background were collected from the medical records. Self-reported depression levels were assessed using Beck's depression inventory (BDI). Self-reported anxiety was measured using the State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI). RESULTS: Fifty-two patients with COPD and fifty healthy patients were included in this study. BDI scores were higher for COPD patients (10.23 ± 6.26) than in the control group (5.2 ± 6.56). STAI-state scores were higher for COPD patients (41.85 ± 12.55) than for controls (34.88 ± 9.25). STAI-trait scores were higher for COPD patients (41.42 ± 10.01) than for controls (34.62 ± 9.19). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that there were higher levels of depression and anxiety among COPD patients than among healthy controls.
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Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Depression/diagnosis , Anxiety , Case-Control Studies , Self ReportABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the relationship between social skills and interaction anxiousness of college nursing students, and to find ways of improving their social skills and avoiding interaction anxiousness. Methods 247 college nursing students were investigated by adopting social skill questionnaire and interaction anxiousness questionnaire, and analyze the results. Results There was no obvious difference in the score of their social skills and interaction anxiousness among 3 grades (P ＞ 0.05 ). The social skills of college nursing students need to be further improved, what's more, their social adaptation, social perception, social confidence, social expression,and impression management scores were respectively 1.67 ± 0.44,2.12 ± 0.61,2.17 ± 0.62,1.98 ± 0.63,1.89±0.68. Their interaction anxiousness was moderate, and the average score of each item was 2.79 ± 0.55. There was conspicuously correlative relationship between the subsidiary of social skills and the level of interaction anxiousness (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion It is possible to relieve the extent of interaction anxiousness of nursing students by improving their social skills.
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To study the Internet addiction disorder,262 college students were investigated by IAD Scale,Internet Usage Inventory,IAS Scale and Shyness Scale.The results showed:(1)Significant difference existed in IAD between freshman and Sophomore,between science and arts student.(2)Significant difference existed in the age of Internet use,on-line place,on-line time and the type of playing games.(3)College students'IAD is closely related to interaction anxiousness and shyness.
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Objective: To study the interaction anxiousness status of new recruits in Chinese People's Armed Police Force.Methods: 981 recruits were assessed with Interaction Anxiousness Scale(IAS).Results: The average score of IAS of recruits was 42.93?7.35.There was higher social anxiety level in the recruits who graduated from junior middle school than those who graduated from senior high school.There were respectively 37.5% and 39.3% of recruits feeling uneasy when they were in contacting with strangers and talking with supervisors.There were 85.5% of recruits lacking confidence.Conclusion: The level of interaction anxiousness of new recruits was relatively high,it embodied contacting with strangers,talking with supervisors and lacking confidence.